The flu, or influenza, is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses. It’s often mistaken for a common cold, but the flu typically causes more severe symptoms and can lead to serious complications, even becoming life-threatening. As readers of Yichita, understanding the science behind the flu is crucial for protecting ourselves and our families.
The Real Face of the Flu Virus
Influenza viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family, primarily categorized into types A, B, C, and D. Among these, influenza A and B viruses are the main culprits behind seasonal flu epidemics. These viruses are quite “clever”—they constantly mutate, which is why we need new flu vaccines every year.
Flu viruses mainly spread through：
- Droplet Transmission: When an infected person coughs or sneezes, tiny droplets containing the virus are released into the air. If you’re nearby, you can inhale them.
- Contact Transmission: Touching surfaces contaminated with the virus (like doorknobs or phones) and then touching your own mouth, nose, or eyes can also lead to infection.
Flu Symptoms: How Are They Different from a Cold?
While both the flu and common colds can cause fever and coughing, the flu usually hits harder and faster, with more intense symptoms.
Typical flu symptoms include：
Sudden High Fever : Temperatures often soar above 102°F (39°C), accompanied by chills or body shakes.
Severe Body Aches : Significant headache, muscle aches, joint pain, fatigue, and loss of appetite are common.
Some people may also experience: Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, especially common in children.
Who’s at Higher Risk?
Flu’s Vulnerable Groups
- Children: Especially those under 5 years old.
- Older Adults: Individuals aged 65 and above.
- Pregnant Women.
- People with Chronic Health Conditions: Such as asthma, diabetes, heart disease, chronic lung disease, kidney disease, or weakened immune systems.
- Individuals with Obesity.